Should Gay Marriage Be Legal Defense And Education Fund...

Elizabeth Schroeder’s book, Taking Sides, looks at opposing views on controversial issues, one of which is legalizing same-sex marriage. In their article, â€Å"Talking About the Freedom to Marry: Why Same-Sex Couples Should Have Equality in Marriage,† the Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund supports same-sex marriage. An opposing view, is given by Robert P. George, a Princeton University professor. In his article, â€Å"The 28th Amendment: It Is Time to Protect Marriage, and Democracy, in America,† he explains why he is against same-sex marriage. The Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund concludes that allowing same-sex marriage will not diminish the value of heterosexual marriage, and that changing the Constitution to legally deny same-sex couples to marry would be discrimination. They contend that same-sex couples are only seeking the same choices, rights, and benefits that heterosexual couples have. Referring to a court case from less than 40 years ago, Loving v, Virginia, the Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund remind us that, at one time, it was illegal for different races to marry. In 1967, the United States Supreme Court ruled that denying interracial marriage was discrimination and against the law. People have raised some concerns regarding same-sex marriage. The Lambda Legal Defense and Education Fund has responded to some of these issues. Some people feel that marriage is a traditional union and that same-sex marriages would â€Å"ruin† the tradition. The LambdaShow MoreRelatedThe Controversy of Same Sex Marriages Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe Controversy of Same Sex Marriages Imagine you have fallen in love with the person of your dreams, and the two of you have discussed it and have decided to get married. Now imagine that the person you wish to marry is of a different race. It wouldnt be a big deal, right? Well, if this situation had occurred about 50 years ago, it would have been a huge deal. Just a generation ago, many states banned mixed marriages. Seems absurd, doesnt it? Discriminating against an individualRead MoreThe Disadvantages of Allowing Same Sex Marriages745 Words   |  3 Pages Same sex marriage is hotly debated for its legality as it is against the natural law. The ramifications are vast and we are seeing the effects of homosexual legal rights affecting housing, education, the work place, medicine, the armed forces, adoption, religion, etc. (http://carm.org/gay-marriage-harm). Although some believe that same sex marriage should be allowed as denying same sex marriage is a form of minority discrimination, same sex marriag e does no harm to society and it is an acceptedRead MoreThe Issue Of Same Sex Marriage1376 Words   |  6 PagesNovember 19, 2014 I†¦My chosen topic is Gay Rights- more specifically marriage equality. Public opinion in the U.S. shows the majority support for the legal recognition of same-sex marriages. This issue is more likely to be supported by women and people under 50. My thesis is that marriage equality a civil right, rights we are born with as a citizen of the U.S. which the government cannot interfere with or suppress. (Lecture Notes 8/27). Over the past decade, marriage equality has become an even largerRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Allowed2932 Words   |  12 Pages Gay Marriage Abstract This paper discusses homosexuality in our society, particularly in granting homosexual couples a right to marry. The pros and the cons throw out a ton of arguments supporting their position. This issue, whether or not the same-sex marriage should be allowed, is extremely controversial and the debates never end. In this paper, I take the pro side by providing strong both qualitative and quantitative data, how the homosexual marriage can benefit society, how far they have foughtRead MoreSame Sex Marriage And The Catholic Church2254 Words   |  10 Pagesgender, the rest of the country continues to forbid same-sex couples to marry (Ahuja) and in doing so, infringe upon one of the most basic freedoms we are allowed. Arguments for same-sex marriage, despite being backed up with hard legal evidence and Supreme Court rulings, continue to face opposition on the grounds of religious beliefs and personal values. Same-Sex Marriage and the Catholic Church Often cited by Catholics is an interpretation of marriage as being â€Å"a promise made to God† and â€Å"a holy sacrament†Read MoreSame Sex Marriage in the Philippines2330 Words   |  10 PagesPRO Gay Marriage Same-sex couples should be allowed to publicly celebrate their commitment in the same way as heterosexual couples. [40] The Human Rights Campaign Foundation states that many same-sex couples want the right to legally marry [and] honor their relationship in the greatest way our society has to offer... Same-sex couples should have access to the same benefits enjoyed by heterosexual married couples. Many benefits are only available to married couples, such as hospital visitationRead MoreBlack Athlete5745 Words   |  23 PagesVirginia Studies in Women and Gender Program This article addresses the effects of heterosexist bias in social welfare policy frameworks on lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) individuals and families in the United States. It discusses the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA), the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), federal deï ¬ nitions of family and household, and stereotypes about LGBT individuals. It argues that poor LGBT individuals and families lackRead MoreThe Civil Rigthts Movement, A List of Related Activities1289 Words   |  5 Pages Little public support for racial equality, ontegration, civil rights movement B. Progress depended on 1. Fondong more white allies or 2. Shifting policy-making arenas C. Civil rights movement followed both strategies 1. Broadened base by publicizong grievances 2. Moved legal struggle from Congress to courts III. campaign on courts A. Ambiguities on Fourteenth Amendment 1. Broad onterpretation: Constitution color-blond 2. Narrow onterpretation: equal legal rights 3. SupremeRead MoreGay Adoption Policy Analysis3047 Words   |  13 Pagesabout family life have undergone profound changes in recent decades. While public acceptance of homosexuality remains a deeply decisive issue, adoption by gays and lesbians has become increasingly acceptable, with 46% of the national population favoring gay adoption. (Pew Research Center, 2006) In New York State, statutes developed to permit gays to adopt are among the most permissive in the nation. New York Adoption Code 18 NYCRR 421.16 (h)(2) (2004) states that applicants shall not be rejectedRead MoreSexism And Discrimination Against Women2482 Words   |  10 Pagesdo not enthusiastically endorse gay marriage are branded as bigots, disqualified from high-profile business positions, and generally dismissed as ignorant hicks whose views are outside of the scope of acceptable thought†(Hobbes). This is a statement made by Adam Hobbes, a U.S citizen publicly expressing his opinion regarding transgender rights. Although this point of view is not entirely wrong, it’s a view that some people choose not to have. â€Å"To those who are gay, lesbian, bisexual,or transgender-let

Racism on College Campuses - 4582 Words

Abstract: The main aim of this research paper is to directly observe and examine the way American College students perceive the notion of race on college campuses and how they believe it can be used to a persons advantage or disadvantage. I used two different kinds of research in this paper; interviews among 4 students from 4 different universities across the United States to provide a deep and personal understanding of the topic and by surveying in an open-ended questionnaire 10 American students from Auburn University in Alabama to provide a more general and statistical analysis. These two methods supported my thesis with strong evidence and background information. I found that all the interviewees unanimously believed in the figurative†¦show more content†¦This image therefore suggests that Obama is reckless in the way he ‘uses’ race. He ‘cashes it in’ when he feels like he can use his race to his advantage. The irony of this is that both the connotations of a con and a Mastercard are associated with a powerful and strong type of person. Although Obama may ‘play the race card’ or use it recklessly, he is never the less dominant and powerful. Overall, this image holds a negative perception or viewpoint of Obama, and therefore by extension any racial person, especially one whom ‘uses the race card’. Similarly, my research has led me to a website called Controversial Cards (www.controversialcards.com), where people can buy a ‘race card’ for personal use. I became accustomed to this website when an interviewee explained that while at a party, somebody pulled out this card as a ‘joke’ or ‘party favor’. The image is shown in Figure 2. The website claims â€Å"The ‘race card’ was created to open eyes, spark conversation and break down race barriers in America. It pokes fun of those who try to use the card for unfair advantage. It also helps to expose the shameless race-baiters and professional victims who see racial problems under every rock.† This highlights the ‘unfair advantage’ that being racially or ethnically diverse can ‘allow’ somebody an advantage, which is parallel to the thoughts and feelings of many people that I have interviewed on this topic. Like the card in FigureShow MoreRelatedIs W ord Policing Ruining College?1275 Words   |  6 PagesIs Word Policing Ruining College? If you keep a close eye on the news, you have heard of situations dealing with the issue of free speech on college campuses. This topic has been a hot button issue throughout recent years. Numerous institutions have become more politically correct in an effort to make their students feel safer on campus. Many people, however, claim that â€Å"word policing†, or telling students that they are not allowed to use certain vocabulary, is a violation of their right to freeRead MoreRacism Is Still A Heavy Issue Of The High College Experience Across The United States1718 Words   |  7 Pagesneglect of racism defines power†. The quote explains how that when students are at war, there is no reliable source of help to assist them to conquer. Throughout America racism is still a heavy issue that is becoming a part of the average college experience across the United States. In recent events, similar to ones that happened in the Civil Rights Era, students of color fear their lives and are concerned for their safety, while trying to do what they are able, to make their campuses â€Å"equality friendly†Read MoreRacial Hostility : Is The Effort From College Administrators Towards Racial Incidents Effective? Essay1409 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Hostility: Is the Effort from College Administrators Towards Racial Incidents Effective? In modern days, there have been many reports on African-Americans who claim that they are unfairly treated at universities and that there isn’t any administrative responsiveness. Additionally, some say that the effort administrators are giving isn’t effective. Other students on these campuses say that the African-Americans are just overacting and that the incidents aren’t that serious. In contrast, administratorsRead MoreThe Debate Over Gun Concealment Should Be Allowed On College Campuses Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pageseverywhere we go in today’s society. There is no way out and no way to escape it. Going to college, does not make you feel any safer than being outside of college. Mass shootings this year have increased, especially in school all over the United States. Even though, the shootings have been in most high schools, they can be on college campuses just as well. Gun concealment should be allowed on college campuses. We deserve the right to prote ct ourselves. We deserve to feel safe anywhere we go withoutRead More Affirmative Action and Racial Tension Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pageswas racist, most agreed with the need of affirmative action in college admissions and in the workplace. Society needed an active law that enforced equality during a period when civil rights bills were only effective in ink. With so much of America ¹s work force spawned from integrated schools now, some may question whether racism really is the problem anymore, and many college students might answer yes. They see it on college campuses today, and they are not sure why. Subconscious prejudicesRead MoreDoes Joining A Minority Organization Affect The Social, Mental, And Psychological Being Of Minority Students On Predominantly928 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological being of minority students on predominantly white campuses? In today’s society, Predominately white institutions and campus climate can contribute and play a key role to the success and achievement of minority students. In the twenty-first century, African American (black) students will continue to enroll in predominantly white institutions (PWIs) at greater rates than black students enrolling at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs); yet, if this current trend continuesRead MoreMicroaggressions and Racism1729 Words   |  7 Pagesracist†, but you benefit from racism. There are certain privileges and opportunities you have that you do not even realize because you have not been deprived in certain ways. Racism, institutional and otherwise, does not always manifest itself in a way that makes it readily identifiable to onlookers, victims, or perpetrators; it is not always the outward aggression typically associated with being a hate crime. Racial microaggressions are a type of perceived racism. They are more subtle and ambiguousRead MoreThe Issue Of Simmering California904 Words   |  4 Pagesdifficult time for immigrants in California. Many came in search of prosperity and instead found a place full of rules and regulations specifically designed to place them at a disadvantage. The many Chinese immigrants arriving at this time faced extreme racism. insert lisa see quote here Many Chinese miners had to pay unbelievable foreign mining taxes on top of having to mine mostly in abandoned mining grounds. To make ends meet they took on jobs as cooks, launders, and other jobs. They were paid low wagesRead MoreFour Political Theories Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesagency dominates politics. The pluralist theory has the biggest affect on education. Pluralism plays a huge part in education. The pluralistic view is shared widely among the united states school system. It is taught from Pre-kindergarten through college. Pre-kindergarten exhibits the pluralistic theory. As early as the age of four and five, we teach them how to look at America. In 1989 Barbara Thomson instructed a class of four and five years old to â€Å"look beyond physical appearances†. ThompsonRead MoreThe Linguistics Of Color Blind Racism1262 Words   |  6 PagesEduardo Bonilla-Silva is a professor of sociology. He has written multiple books about color racism. The linguistics of color blind racism: how to talk nasty about blacks without sounding â€Å"racist† is one of the works that incudes color racism that I will be discussing. This title describes how other races that are racists are trying to hide so they find ways to speak about the blacks trying to not sound racist. I am in agreement with Silva’s work because I have witnessed instances where semantic

Potential Cyberattack On Automated Vehicle -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Potential Cyberattack On Automated Vehicle? Answer: Introducation A driverless car, which is also known as self-driving car or robotic car or an automated car, is one highly intelligent automobile, which has the capacity of perceiving nearby settings and moving devoid of human intervention (Goodall, 2014). These automobiles utilize techniques, such as GPS, radar and laser light to detect its surroundings (Price et al., 2017). Moreover, these automobiles use sensory data to avoid hurdles and trace proper navigation paths. The following essay aims at critically analyzing the probable factors that must be taken into account while implementing driverless automobiles on the tracks of Singapore. Discussion Car accidents (and resultant casualties and expenses), caused by human follies, such as, prolonged reaction time, and variegated distractions during driving are supposed to be significantly lessened (Petit Shladover, 2015). Automated cars are capable of decreasing work costs; relieve travelers from driving and route errands, subsequently providing more time for recreation or work; and furthermore would provide more seats, messaging while at the same time driving could be availed. Automatic vehicles could give improved mobility for the youthful, the elderly, handicapped individuals, and low-wage nationals. The evacuation of the steering wheelalongside the rest of the driver boundary and the necessity for any passenger to accept a front aligned posturewould render the inner side of the automobile more prominent ergonomic adaptability. Extra advantages include greater velocity limits; comfortable rides; and stretched thoroughfare capability; and negligible traffic snarls, owing to redu ced requisite for security gaps and greater speed ("Driverless vehicles: A vision for Singapores transport | Ministry of Transport, Singapore", 2018). These augmentations in expressway capability is likely to have a noteworthy effect in traffic clog, especially in metropolitan spheres, and also successfully end main road blockage in certain spaces. The capacity of establishments to administer traffic is likely to rise, provided the additional information and steering conduct predictability, coalesced with fewer requirements for traffic police and also road signs. Greater protected driving is anticipated to minimize the costs of car indemnity. Minimal amount of movement blockage and smoother traffic flow, owing to broad utilization of self driving automobiles will likewise give rise to better fuel efficiency. By decreasing the expense of portability as a service, self driving automobiles are likely to lower the number of automobiles that are individually possessed, by supplanting cab and supplementary automobile sharing services. This is likely to considerably diminish the prerequisite for parking spot, providing additional space for different employments. This is likely to significantly compress the car generation industry, alongwith ecological and monetary impacts (YONG, 2018). Moreover, effective automated car movement can free space for variegated uses, for instance, enhanced aid for people on foot and cycles. The vehicles' stretched out awareness is likely to aid the law upkeepers by giving an account of unlawful conduct of traveler, while indulging in different violations, for instance, purposely crashing another automobile or an individual on foot. One pressing effect of limitless reception of automatic cars is the loss of driving associated occupations. A resistance from proficient drivers and unions who can probably be debilitated by work losses, is likely to surface. Similarly, there could be loss of jobs, in the public travel services and automobile renovation shops. The car insurance business may bear losses as the advances makes several parts of this activity invalid ("Infocom Media Development Authority", 2018). Privacy could be an alarming problem while comprising the vehicle's sphere and location incorporated into an interface which can be accessed by other individuals. Furthermore, there exists the danger of hacking cars through data sharing, in the course of V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) and V2I (Vehicle to Infrastructure) protocols. Additionally the danger of terrorist assaults exists. Robotic automobiles could possibly be filled with explosives and made to work as grenades. The lack of laborious steering, more beneficial time amidst the outing, and the prospective reserve funds in progression time and expense are likely act as an impetus to reside away from urban areas [where space is cheap] and toil in city's center, subsequently expanding travel expanse and actuating additional urban extension, more use of fuel and increasing pollution. Ethical thinking comes into question when designing the product that determines what act the automobile indulges into, in an inevitable collision; whether the self-ruling car will crash a transport, slaying individuals within; or veer off someplace else, murdering its own passengers or several passer-by. The morals of self-driving vehicles is still under observation and might even lead to controversy. Conclusion Autonomous vehicles possess the capability to improve street limit by moving in a programmed way. They can likewise provide noteworthy availability to long distance travel. Operational trials for shared self-governing vehicles are likely to start soon and hit the roads by the year 2020. Driverless innovation might then turn into the backbone of Singapore's open transport framework, provided the vision of Land Transport Authority's (LTA) turn into reality. References Driverless vehicles: A vision for Singapores transport | Ministry of Transport, Singapore. (2018).Mot.gov.sg. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://www.mot.gov.sg/Transport-Matters/Motoring/Driverless-vehicles--A-vision-for-Singapore-s-transport Goodall, N. J. (2014). Machine ethics and automated vehicles. InRoad vehicle automation(pp. 93-102). Springer, Cham. Infocom Media Development Authority. (2018).Imda.gov.sg. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://www.imda.gov.sg/infocomm-and-media-news/whats-trending/2017/2/driverless-cars-picking-up-speed-in-singapore Petit, J., Shladover, S. E. (2015). Potential cyberattacks on automated vehicles.IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems,16(2), 546-556. Price, M., Lee, J., Dinparastdjadid, A., Toyoda, H., Domeyer, J. (2017). EFFECT OF VEHICLE CONTROL ALGORITHMS ON EYE BEHAVIOR IN HIGHLY AUTOMATED VEHICLES. YONG, J. (2018).Can driverless cars survive Singaporean road users?.The Straits Times. Retrieved 29 January 2018, from https://www.straitstimes.com/opinion/can-driverless-cars-survive-singaporean-road-users

Report on Marketing Management of Telstra Corporation Limited

Question: Discuss about theMarketing Management of Telstra Corporation Limited. Answer: Introduction Marketing Management is a process that defines overseeing and planning new development for products, advertising, sales and promotion (Cant, M, Strydom, J and Jooste, C, 2009). It means to create an advertising plan and implement the same. The heart of a business lies in its marketing plan (Kotler, P, 2013). Without marketing it becomes difficult for the company to survive in the market, sales may crash and the company may have to stop its business activities (Kotler, P and Keller, K, 2016). This report is based on Telstra Corporation Limited and its Marketing Management Strategies. It is Australias largest telecommunication company. It has an image of a dominant player in the market due to its marketing and branding strategies. In the report it clearly defines the importance of marketing management and the way to implement such marketing strategies. Telstra adopted Defensive marketing to be its management strategy due to which they were able to predict the potential consumers and their wants (Roberts, J, 2005). This strategy is the most effective one as the company was able to establish defensive plans before any other rival industry could do that. Current Market Position of Telstras Telecommunication services The current market position of Telstras products and services is strongly dominating in the market; it is dominating the entire Australian market of telecommunication and holds over 62% market shares by revenue (Lancaster, H and Harpur, P, 2015). The market share of the company is though declining in the broadband sector; still the company has been able to retain its dominance in various other sectors such as in mobile voice and data related segments. Currently, they have invested in network upgrades and are the first launcher of mobile data services. They are the first player in the market for the launch of such services and are easily being able to reap the advantages by performing well and reaching to attract more customers. The services of telecommunication offered by Telstra are based on a robust, ubiquitous and affordable infrastructure that can help the company to move to next stage. We know that the world is very brave in accepting the internet media. The company is leading in the industrial sector by adopting innovation and taking up new business opportunities. Telstra is not only financially strong but also has a well position in the digital and network market. The company is successful in transforming itself into a full service ICT company. It is considered as the most superior service provider in the market. SWOT Analysis of Telstra Corporation Limited Telstras SWOT Analysis provides a strategic plan of the companys business and operations. (Ferrell, O and Hartline, M, 2010). The SWOT analysis gives an overview of the position of the company (Pahl, N and Richter, A, 2009). The view of the companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats has been mentioned below: Strengths: Telstra is successful in reducing the labour cost. It has a dominate position in the market because of its high profitability and revenue (Zhao, Fang, 2006). It has no barriers of market entry because the name of the company has earned a good reputation in the market in the past years. This reduces the barriers to entry in a new market. The existing distribution process is an efficient one and customers shows high satisfaction for the services that has been availed through such distribution channels. The company can manage to increase the value of the money of their customers. It has been able to install their website and having stores throughout the globe. Telstra is carrying out many promotional programs and events to maintain the loyalty of the customers to attract more customers. Telstra communications is a strong platform of trained personnel who are successful in delivering the financial base in such a way that the company can meet its long and short term liabilities . The telecommunication services that Telstra provides, ensures sustainability due to the strong values that is integrated in the rules and regulations of the company. Company ensures initiatives in improving their telecommunication services to meet the wide variety needs of the customers. Weaknesses: Telecommunication market is strongly a competitive market in Australia. There are many network providers; it is basically conducting its business activities in a highly competitive market. Telstra has to invest a lot of money in conducting research and developments. The company has set a high price for its services as compared to its rivalry businesses such as Optus and Vodafone. The population residing in capital cities and regional town centres are still not being able to enjoy the 4G services. The marketing strategies of Telstra are totally focusing only the Australian customers. It is necessary to make aggressive moves so that they can broaden their services worldwide. Opportunities: Telstra Corporation Limited positively participates in conducting surveys and tries to develop new opportunities by producing new products and services. The company takes the full advantage of its partner Hutchinson and is trying to make full controls over the 4G services. Due to the advanced services of 3G and 4G, the company is making a huge profit throughout the year. Telstra is managing their 4G services by spreading it to cover almost 80 regions in Australia (Strang, K, 2010). The company has come up with the new advertisement to represent the diversity of its customers. Threats: The major threats faced by Telstra are that in Australia the tax rates keeps changing. It becomes difficult for the company to calculate the amount of tax to be paid. Along with the tax issues there is an increasing rate of interest for the loan availed by the company. Telstra keeps changing the price of the services and products that it offers. This makes the customers confused and they are now making complaints for the same. Telstra is a dominant telecommunication service provider and hence keeps a high cost for their services; this can be a major threat. Although the country is leading in the technology and communication market, the rival companies are not less; they are not so far in achieving the same advantages. Due to the constant economic change in the world the company may require to revise their plans and prices to attract new customers. The company is facing some challenges from the management in the process of recruiting as the managers of Telstra are not being t ransparent adequately. This is a major setback for those people who are interested in making some investment in the shares of the company. As a result of this there is political involvement in the services that company offers. Objectives and Values of Telstra Telstra is experiencing enormous growth and the digital technology is changing the globe. Telstra is the heart of such change as its objective is to help in making this happen by connecting everyone with everything. Telstra works to connect the future for everyone in a brilliant way. Telstras main purpose is to handle the responsibility of creation. It is obvious that the world cannot connect to the brilliant future on its own. It needs delivery and Telstra can bring together the required parts to create it. The company looks forward for a connected future as its aspiration. It is the responsibility of the company to take such things seriously; to fulfil the needs of the customer. The company wants to serve everyone. It is understood by the company that change cannot be possible by choosing only a few customers. Transformation is the result only when enough people can access the technology that ultimately creates economical, social and cultural changes. According to Telstra a purpose is not enough on its own. They need values to express their objectives and what they stand for. The main value of the company is to align everything that they do. The five core values of Telstra is that they want to show the care, work better and collectively, deliver trust, make complex issues into simple and find courage (Telstra.com.au, 2016). These values can be fulfilled by the company only when it willingly takes it as their responsibility and holds desire to learn. The company should have courage to challenge themselves to meet these values. Marketing Strategy of Telstra In order to improve the telecommunication services that company is engaged in providing for the needs of the customer, the company developed a strategy so as to respond to the market needs (Mullin, R, 2006). The company follows a defensive marketing strategy (Roberts, J, 2005). The scientific and technological change in the telecommunication process should be a continuous one. The main strategy related to the pricing, distribution and promotion should be that the cost incurred in delivering telecommunication services to the customers must not exceed the expected returns. The marketing strategy of Telstra Corporation Limited in improving and enhancing their telecommunication services is discussed below. Product: There are mainly three products available under Telstra, such as- broadband, mobile tablets and mobile broadband. The home broadband line is basically called as BigPond. They offer internet connection through ADSL as well as through a cable. As far as mobile broadband is concerned the customers has the option to choose among BigPond post paid services or Telstras pre-paid services. It has four types of tablets with various plans. They are Apple I-Pad, Motrola Xoom, Acer Iconia and Acer Netbook. Price: In Telstra the price varies from one plan to another plan. It totally depends upon the services that the customer wants to avail from them. The company mainly aims at keeping the price of their services comparatively high as compared to its competitors (Brown, A, 1996). There are various plans available by Telstra such as its cheapest plan starts from $29 and the most expensive plan is at $89. The company is trying to cut down its prices to keep customers (Crozier, R, 2010). Place and Distribution: Place is a geographic designation that helps in marketing (Valenzuela, F, 2013). It also means how the product is brought to the knowledge of the customers (Ferraioli, T, 2016).The channels that the company uses to make available the services to the customer helps in lessening the final cost. In order to beat all its competitors the company ensures that their telecommunication services are made available to the entire Australian population. Except for this, Telstra builds more vending machines that can allow an access to the customers to add credit or to pay bills. Promotion: In this type of marketing strategy the company has to tell everything that it does to make the customers attracted towards their product and services (Solomon, M, et al., 2013). Through promotion we send the information about the products and services to the customers. Telstra manages it promotion strategy by rewarding their customers for being so loyal and also avails them a certain amount of discount whenever they use the services offered by the company. The company is making deals with other companies as well to offer contests to attract more customers. Telstra is distributing CD-ROMS in the areas having high traffic to educate and aware the general public regarding their new 3G and 4G plans and improvement in telecommunication services. Communication Mix Strategy of Telstra Communication Mix refers to that specific process used by the company to promote their products and services in the targeted market. It is essential for every business to plan an effective communication mix strategy to achieve the desired goals of the company (Pride, W, et al., 2012). Communication mix includes advertising, sales promotion; direct marketing and public relations, etc (Koekemoer, L and Bird, S, 2004). Through this strategy the company can make aware about the existence of their product and services to the general public who can desire to make use of such offered products and services. It is basically to create attention and awareness among the potential customers. Telstra is not focused on traditional form of advertising for fixed line products and services; rather it believes to spend more in the advertising of new products and services that they offer. Such as, the company firmly believes that advertising telecommunication network will bring more revenue to the company. This is possible as the company monopolizes the landlines and people will still continue to avail services of fixed line services. The company aims at doing so in the future as well to spend more in marketing of new services. This will help in meeting the needs of the emerging market. The promotion in Telstra is generally done through media. For example the promotion of Telstras telecommunication services is done by making the use of humour and celebrities in their advertisements. Electronic billboards are also used by this company along with an advertisement on trams. Company keeps updating their website to advertise their new products. Product bundling is used very often by Telstra to attract more customers so that they can sign up for the products and services at a lower price. Despite of having a strong communication mix strategy, Telstra is not being able to aware the public about the newly features included in their telecommunication services as this is only being advertised through the website of the company. Consumers are not really aware about the uses of such newly developed technologies and their benefits. Benefits of Marketing Management We know that in the present business world it becomes very difficult for the companies to survive in the competitive market (Mudie, P and Pirrie, A, 2012). To maintain stability in the activities and conduct of the business it is essential to know the advantages and importance of marketing management (Walker, O, 2015). It helps Telstra in learning about the behaviour of customers and also helps in deciding the market place. The business will only succeed when the company can manage the motivated customers and offer them useful services. Marketing management helps in determining the ideal customers and their needs and motives (Lovelock, C, 2011). Even if Telstra is offering useful product the company cannot make profits without an effective management strategy. The company should develop an effective promotional strategy to gain competitive advantage over its rival competitors. Interaction with customers is also a part of management plan. Conclusion Telstra is one of the leading telecommunication service providers in Australia and this has been possible only because of competitive strategic plans. The marketing mix strategy of Telstra is strongly an effective one. The company has adopted a market based management system so as to provide better products and services to the customers. The company is trying to make their services available to the entire population of Australia because the company thinks that a transformation is possible when it is available to all. For the company to improve and develop their telecommunication services it becomes essential that efficient tools of marketing are employed. Growth in an organization is must to maintain sustainability in its activities. The company has been able to increase its revenue due to increased sale. We know that all the marketing efforts do not bring profitability but it can contribute in customer retention and loyalty. The company measures the return that is achieved from marketing strategies to relate them to their goals and costs. Advertising plays an important role in making the customers of Telstra aware about the new technological advancements that the company initiates. Due to the commitment made by Telstra the population of Australia can connect themselves with the future projects. The company has a brand marketing program that provides ongoing activations. The aim is to give Australians an experience of how the connected future would be like. The company wants the people to support them to bring a change in the world collectively. References Brown, A. (1996). Reform And Regulation Of Australia Telecommunications, The Economic Society of Australia, pg 38-56. Cant, M, Strydom, J and Jooste, C. (2009). Marketing Management. Juta and Company Ltd. Crozier, R. (2010). [Online]. Testra promises to cut prices to keep customers. Viewed 10 October 2016 from https://www.crn.com.au/news/telstra-promises-to-cut-prices-to-keep-customers-224378 Farraioli, T. (2016). [Online]. What is Marketing Mix? Viewed 10 October 2016 from https://smallbusiness.chron.com/marketing-mix-638.html Ferrell, O and Hartline, M. (2010). Marketing Strategy. Cengage Leraning. Koekemoer, L and Bird, S. (2004). Marketing Communications. Juta and Company Ltd. Kotler, P and Keller, K. (2016). 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